Toxic cardiomyopathy is a pathological condition characterized by structural and functional damage to the myocardium caused by exposure to toxic agents, particularly anticancer therapies. This article examines the concept, classification, and etiology of toxic cardiomyopathy. Special attention is given to the major causes of treatment-related cardiotoxicity, including anthracyclines, monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and other cardiotoxic agents. The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in myocardial injury, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and endothelial damage, are discussed. Furthermore, the clinical significance, risk factors, and cardiovascular consequences of toxic cardiomyopathy are analyzed. Understanding the etiological and pathophysiological foundations of toxic cardiomyopathy is essential for the early detection, prevention, and effective management of cardiotoxicity. Comprehensive knowledge of this condition may contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes and enhanced quality of life among patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic therapies.
Publication Date: 2026-06-19