Hypena nakajimai Kishida, 2010
Hypena nakajimai Kishida 2010; 64; TL: Japan (Okinawa Pref., Okinawa I.)
Materials
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Dong Ha Park; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 479657F5-8079-5F87-8C06-3F22DE0D68B9; Taxon: scientificName: Hypena nakajimai Kishida, 2010; Location: continent: Asia; country: Korea; stateProvince: Jeollanam-do; county: Wando-gun; locality: Wando-eup, Jungdo-ri; Identification: identifiedBy: Hee Han; Event: eventDate: 08-10-2021; year: 2021; month: 10; day: 8; Material Entity: disposition: in the Jeonbuk National University collection
Description
Habitus (Fig. 1 a, b). Male wingspan 19.1 mm. Ground colour yellowish-brown to orange-brown. Head scaled by normal tufts. Eyes large and globular. Antennae serrate, with yellow and brown scales. Proboscis well-developed. Labial palpi extremely long (approximately six times as long as the diameter of compound eye), tufted, covered with yellowish-brown or brown scales; second segment three to four times longer than third segment. Thorax covered by yellowish-brown or brown scales. Fore-wing ground colour yellowish-brown; entirely divided into two areas: dark costal and bright posterior area; a dark line arising from basal discal cell to the end of R 5, which divides two areas mentioned above, posteriorly projected near the cell and forming V-shape opening towards costal margin; costal area usually dark brown or greyish-brown, but partially beige, especially at apex; posterior area usually yellowish-brown, but sometimes with dark scattered scales and partially brown or dark brown especially at middle area of subterminal and terminal fields (specifically, between R 5 and M 1 or M 2); adterminal line dotted, innerly whitish, but distally dark brown or black; cilia dense, innerly blackish and distally brown or dark brown. Hind-wing uniformly pale yellowish-brown or greyish-brown, but innerly paler than outer area; cilia dense, pale yellowish-brown or dark brown. Upperside of both wings pale yellowish-brown or greyish-brown; in fore-wing, costal margin beige; apex dark brown and bearing a distinct spot, proximally black and distally whitish; between R 4 and R 5; in hind-wing, entirely faded yellowish-brown or beige, with scattered brownish scales at apex and costal area. Abdomen long, conical, yellowish or greyish-brown.
Male genitalia (Fig. 1 c, d). Nearly symmetrical. Uncus strongly sclerotised, straight, weakly curved and sparsely setose at dorsal area, apically hooked, pointed and more sclerotised than other area. Subscaphium strongly developed as long as uncus; dorsally distinctively sclerotised and divided into two lobes. Tegumen two times longer than uncus, broad near uncus, but thin near vinculum. Vinculum slightly shorter than tegumen, innerly curved, but outerly straight, fused and broadened at downside. Saccus absent. Valvae tongue-like shaped, sparsely setose, proximal 3 / 4 area sclerotised, but distally membranous; costal area slightly bulbous at middle area; with a distinct division arising from basal valvae to middle area; and bearing a rounded saccular process at the middle of the division. Juxta plate inverted Y-shaped, with broad terminal branches and not fused with vinculum and valvae like its congener. Aedeagus entirely curved; coecum rounded; ductus ejaculatorius widely developed at dorsal area; carina dorsally strongly projected; vesica armed with a set of strong large cornuti and small spines.
Diagnosis
This species is extremely similar to Hypena pulverulenta. However, it can be distinguished by the following characteristics: in habitus, wingspan is shorter (~ 20 mm) than H. pulverulenta (~ 24 mm); fore-wing less elongated than in H. pulverulenta; in male genitalia, connected area between tegumen and vinculum more slender than in H. pulverulenta; valvae thinner and slightly more elongated than in H. pulverulenta; a distinct division at basal valvae more deeply divided than in H. pulverulenta and process arising from middle saccular area between the division much more notable than in H. pulverulenta; juxta diamond-shaped, but smaller than in H. pulverulenta and not fused with valvae and vinculum unlike H. pulverulenta; aedeagus strongly curved like H. pulverulenta, but thinner and more elongated than in H. pulverulenta; vesica armed with a set of strong cornuti, but H. pulverulenta not armed by them.
Distribution
Korea (new, JN), Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu, Amami Oshima, Okinoerabujima, Okinawa Island, Kohamajima and Ishigakijima).
Biology
Commelina diffusa Burman (Commelinaceae) is known as the host plant (Tominaga 2010).
Notes
This species is reported for the first time here in Korea. In diagnosis, while Sugi (1982) stated that H. nakajimai (Hypena sp. 2 in his book) could be distinguished by its fore-wing without dark scales, we found that the Korean specimen of H. nakajimai bears some dark scales on its fore-wings. Therefore, we decline the diagnostic key and carefully propose other morphological taxonomic keys by examining our material and published specimens (Sugi 1982, Kishida 2010, Jin et al. 2025). Notably, we firstly provide genital diagnostic keys for H. nakajimai and H. pulverulenta.
Publication Date: 2026-06-19