Modern science, at the present stage of civilization’s development, describes the origin of the Universe (time and space) as the result of the Big Bang from some super-dense “point” (as a “primeval atom” [1]) approximately 13.7 billion years ago. It is believed that from the moment of this explosion the Universe began to expand, and that later stars, galaxies, nebulae, and planets formed from enormous clouds of intergalactic gas produced by the explosion as a result of their gravitational collapse; all this is considered to be sufficiently well explained by observational facts. Over the past 40 years, more advanced telescopes with greatly enhanced capabilities, as well as other observational instruments placed beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, have made it possible to obtain clearer high-resolution images of cosmic objects in various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This makes it possible to reconsider the accumulated observational material from a new perspective. Based on the hypothesis proposed and developed by us - that the principal form of existence of matter in the Universe is a liquid, rotating, self-contained spherical vortex, whose internal dynamics are responsible for all types of electromagnetic radiation across different spectral regions [2–4] - we analyzed the accumulated observational material concerning various manifestations of the state of matter in the cosmic space surrounding us. Observational data for 7,835 objects included in the New General Catalogue (NGC), presented on various Internet sites, were reanalyzed.
Publication Date: 2026-06-17