This study develops an integrated framework for analyzing and managing construction delays in midstream gas projects by combining PMBOK Project Performance Domains, Triple Bottom Line (TBL), and Early Warning System (EWS) concepts. Unlike previous studies that examine delay factors in isolation, this research integrates governance, performance measurement, and sustainability perspectives. A qualitative exploratory approach is employed using content analysis of literature from 2021–2025. Delay factors are mapped into PMBOK domains and TBL dimensions, forming the basis for a sustainability-based KPI model. The proposed KPIs embed quantitative thresholds, transforming them into an Early Warning System capable of detecting potential delays proactively. The findings reveal that delays are primarily driven by weaknesses in planning, stakeholder management, team performance, and uncertainty management. These factors generate multidimensional impacts across economic, social, and environmental aspects. The main contribution of this study lies in the development of a governance-oriented KPI–EWS framework that enables proactive decision-making, enhances project resilience, and aligns project performance with sustainability principles. This framework provides a practical solution for improving performance in complex energy infrastructure projects.
Publication Date: 2026-06-15