The importance of water and the urgent need for a clean environment free from pollutants has drawn our attention and focused in this study on estimating and evaluating ionic pollutants of elements (iron, chromium, lead, manganese) in the water of dams in Najaf Governorate and the surrounding areas. The study included four dams, namely Al-Mushkhab Dam, Al-Hindiya Dam, Shatt Al-Kufa, and Umm Abbasiyat Dam)) to determine the percentage of pollution with the elements in these water areas. Dam water is generally significantly affected by surface water from neighboring lands, which seeps through the soil into drainage channels and groundwater. Oxygen is also scarce in drainage water. Salinity is one of the most important quality specifications for water for all uses, and it plays a direct role in determining the quality and abundance of living organisms in the aquatic environment. Furthermore, it has a direct impact on the ability of benthic organisms and algae to absorb certain elements. It is also affected by pollution carried by high winds from time to time, which increases the level of pollution. Due to the widespread presence of heavy ions in dam water and their direct impact on determining the concentrations of heavy metal ions, this study aims to assess the environmental pollution rate of dam water and determine its negative effects and direct impact on the surrounding environment. Four samples of water from the dams selected for the study were collected and the heavy metals in all of these samples were analyzed. The laboratory results obtained indicate that there is pollution in the water of the four dams. The primary cause of this pollution is sewage outlets that flow near these stations, which have serious negative environmental impacts on the water, as well as polluted air and dust carrying pollutants that flow into the dams and are carried by the wind.
Publication Date: 2026-06-15