ABSTRACT
In the present study, antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Glochidion Talakonense were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enterica and Bacillus subtitles bacteria using agar disc diffusion technique. Ethanol and distilled watery were used as solvents for extraction by Soxhlet method, and extracts were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results revealed that all extracts were effective in inhibition the growth of bacteria except aqueous extracts against Bacillus Subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus Aureus produced a significantly larger zone of inhibition for Kanamycin (23 ± 0.54 mm) than others, while Salmonella Enterica produced smaller zone of inhibition of Kanamycin (19 ± 0.65 mm). The ethanolic extract showed higher inhibition against the pathogens, especially Escherichia coli (1.56 mg/mL). Among the two solvents extracts, the ethanolic extract showed comparatively stronger antimicrobial activity than the aqueous extract, suggesting that ethanol was more effective in extracting the active phytochemicals responsible for bacterial inhibition. The extracts were particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), while moderate activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). However, further investigations needed to be conducted to validate the biological ingredients and test these Traditional medicinal plants’ safety, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical evaluation.
Keywords: Agar disc diffusion, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC).
Publication Date: 2026-06-14