This paper presents a unified cosmological framework based on the Theory of Base Field Pressure (BFP). Dark matter effects are reinterpreted as the field pressure accumulation effect, where large-scale external field pressure gradients produce flat galaxy rotation curves. Dark energy effects are reinterpreted as the cosmological evolution of the local speed of light.
Note
Basal Field Pressure (BFP) Theory — Sole Original Author: Di Wang
ORCID: 0009-0004-2632-0165
Contact email: [email protected]
Core Physics
- Field pressure accumulation effect: Large-scale structure field pressure gradients produce an approximately constant external acceleration a_ext in galactic outskirts, naturally flattening rotation curves without dark matter.
- Light-speed evolution: c(z) = c₀(1+z)^{-β} with β = 0.7360 ± 0.0294, derived from the BFP core equations and independently calibrated by the full Pantheon+ sample of 1701 Type Ia supernovae.
- Non-expanding cosmology: H(z) = H₀(1+z)^{3/2} quantifies the field pressure homogenization rate (not spatial expansion). The observed Hubble flow arises from accumulated frequency redshift during light propagation.
- Redshift mechanism: 1+z = c₀/c(t_em), a direct consequence of c(P) = c₀/(1+λP/c₀²).
Key Results
- SPARC galaxy rotation curves: 171/175 convergence, 97.7% success rate, no dark matter required. P_ext exhibits a concentrated peak (median 0.0998, mean 0.0947) with an extended high-value tail, reflecting environmental dependence.
- Pantheon+ supernovae: 1701 SNe, χ²_red = 0.478, H₀ = 71.87 ± 0.26 km/s/Mpc, β = 0.7360 ± 0.0294. The corrected luminosity distance formula is dL = (c₀/H₀)(1+z)[1-(1+z)^{-(β+1/2)}]/(β+1/2).
- Hubble tension: BFP prediction passes quantitative test against SH0ES local measurement (χ²/dof = 1.27, p = 0.26, 1.1σ).
- BBN: Y_p = 0.2482, in excellent agreement with observational constraint (1.1σ). The same β = 0.7360 passes BBN without parameter adjustment.
- GW170817 bound: Satisfied via low-redshift field pressure saturation.
- Structure growth (fσ₈): χ²/dof = 0.13, Δχ² = -19.3 relative to ΛCDM; S₈ tension reduced from 3.3σ to 2.5σ.
- Fine-structure constant: Exact field-pressure invariant (Δα/α₀ = 0 at all redshifts), proven via synergistic evolution of e and ℏ with c.
Complete Redshift Derivation (New in v18)
The BFP interpretation of cosmological redshift as a consequence of light speed evolution is derived from first principles:
- Redshift definition: 1+z = c₀/c(t_em)
- Light-speed--field-pressure relation: c(P) = c₀/(1+λP/c₀²)
- Cosmological light-speed evolution: c(z) = c₀(1+z)^{-β}
- Luminosity distance: dL = (c₀/H₀)(1+z)[1-(1+z)^{-(β+1/2)}]/(β+1/2)
- Redshift drift prediction: ż ≈ -βH₀(1+z)ln(1+z), testable by SKA and ELT
Cross-Scale Self-Consistency
The same β = 0.7360 and H₀ = 71.87 that fit Pantheon+ supernova data simultaneously explain galaxy rotation curves, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, structure growth rates, the Hubble tension, and the GW170817 bound. No free parameters are adjusted across any of these independent tests. BFP achieves complete cross-scale self-consistency across eight independent observational tests spanning all cosmic epochs.
Falsifiable Predictions
- Isolated sub-millisecond pulsars (f > 1 kHz), testable by FAST and SKA
- Redshift drift signal significantly lower than ΛCDM, testable by E-ELT and SKA
- Primordial helium-4 abundance Y_p = 0.2482, distinguishable from ΛCDM with future ±0.001 precision BBN observations
- Specific deviation in galaxy rotation curves at very large radii, testable by SKA
Key Updates in v18
(1) Updated all references from flagship v9 to v15 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.20673914)
(2) Updated light-speed evolution to c(z)=c₀(1+z)^{-β} with β=0.7360±0.0294
(3) Updated H₀ from 72.3±0.7 to 71.87±0.26 km/s/Mpc
(4) Corrected luminosity distance formula exponent from (β+3/2) to (β+1/2)
(5) Corrected number of fundamental parameters from four to six
(6) Added complete redshift derivation section with first-principles derivation
(7) Added BBN quantitative result (Y_p=0.2482, 1.1σ) with companion paper reference
(8) Added GW170817 low-redshift saturation section
(9) Added structure growth (fσ₈) validation results
(10) Added fine-structure constant invariance result with α paper reference
This paper is directly linked to the BFP flagship paper v15 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.20673914).
Publication Date: 2026-06-13