Agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy, supporting the livelihoods of millions and contributing significantly to national development. In recent years, rapid technological advancements have transformed traditional farming practices through artificial intelligence (AI), drones, satellite imaging, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, precision agriculture, digital marketplaces, and data-driven advisory systems. While these innovations promise increased productivity, sustainability, and financial inclusion, they also raise significant legal and regulatory concerns. Issues relating to data ownership, privacy, cybersecurity, algorithmic accountability, digital exclusion, and farmers’ rights have emerged as critical challenges. This article examines the evolving regulatory framework governing agri-tech innovation in India, with particular emphasis on the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the Digital Agriculture Mission, and the AgriStack initiative. It analyzes the tension between technological innovation and the protection of farmers’ rights, highlighting the need for a balanced legal framework that promotes innovation while safeguarding privacy, equity, and agricultural sustainability.
Publication Date: 2026-05-30