Deep excavations carried out in dense urban and infrastructure environments may affect adjacent objects through retaining-wall movements, vertical and horizontal ground displacements, differential settlement, local deformation concentration and changes in the technical condition of existing structures. Conventional assessment procedures usually combine geotechnical prediction, technical inventory, monitoring and expert judgement; however, the relationship between the morphology of the settlement trough and the response of a specific neighbouring object is often not expressed in a structured operational form.
This paper presents MKPO-GW/WPO 2.0 and introduces WPO-AON(t), the Updated Object–Settlement Trough Operational Susceptibility Index. The proposed framework develops the original multi-criteria WPO susceptibility assessment, based on ground conditions, structural characteristics, foundation system, technical condition and displacement demand, by adding two methodological layers. The first layer is WSON-GW, the Object–Settlement Trough Coupling Index, which evaluates how a settlement field intersects the footprint, effective length, sensitive structural direction and local deformation exposure of a specific object. This transforms the general displacement parameter into an object-coupled deformation parameter U_ON(t). The second layer is a dynamic operational update, which modifies the susceptibility assessment according to data reliability, monitoring divergence and damage activation observed during subsequent project stages.
Publication Date: 2026-06-20